{"id":6873,"date":"2021-07-20T10:27:16","date_gmt":"2021-07-20T08:27:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.adfinternational.fr\/?p=6873"},"modified":"2024-07-31T15:23:40","modified_gmt":"2024-07-31T14:23:40","slug":"le-tribunal-constitutionnel-du-chili-preserve-les-droits-parentaux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adfinternational.org\/fr\/actualites\/le-tribunal-constitutionnel-du-chili-preserve-les-droits-parentaux","title":{"rendered":"Le Tribunal constitutionnel du Chili pr\u00e9serve les droits parentaux"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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  • Une d\u00e9cision forte en faveur des droits parentaux rendue par le Tribunal constitutionnel du Chili<\/li>\n
  • ADF International est intervenu dans l\u2019audition publique, et a accompagn\u00e9 la contestation juridique des dispositions contraires \u00e0 la constitution que contentait le projet de loi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Santiago de Chile<\/strong>, le 19 juillet 2021 \u2013 La Cour constitutionnelle du Chili a rendu un jugement phare en Am\u00e9rique latine en se pronon\u00e7ant en faveur des droits parentaux. Apr\u00e8s plus de six ann\u00e9es de d\u00e9bats au sein du Congr\u00e8s chilien, une loi g\u00e9n\u00e9rale sur les droits de l\u2019enfant, dont le projet avait initialement \u00e9t\u00e9 introduit par Michelle Bachelet (actuellement Haute-Commissaire aux droits de l’Homme aupr\u00e8s de l\u2019ONU) a finalement \u00e9t\u00e9 vot\u00e9e. ADF International a travaill\u00e9 directement avec des partenaires locaux repr\u00e9sentant des l\u00e9gislateurs, et a ainsi pu modifier trois dispositions cl\u00e9s du projet de loi, qui risquaient de compromettre le droit fondamental et prioritaire des parents de choisir le type d\u2019\u00e9ducation qu\u2019ils d\u00e9sirent pour leurs enfants.<\/p>\n

    \u00ab L\u2019\u00e9tat n\u2019a pas \u00e0 intervenir dans la relation parents-enfants. Nous nous r\u00e9jouissons du jugement du Tribunal constitutionnel du Chili, qui \u00e9tablit un solide pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent pour la protection des droits parentaux en Am\u00e9rique latine. Les juges ont confirm\u00e9 que le gouvernement n\u2019a pas le droit d\u2019imposer sa vision quant aux questions religieuses et morales, ni d\u2019interf\u00e9rer sans motifs graves dans les d\u00e9cisions prises par les parents concernant l\u2019\u00e9ducation de leurs enfants et l\u2019exercice de leurs droits. Les droits parentaux jouissent d\u2019une protection sp\u00e9ciale dans le droit chilien et international \u00bb, explique Tom\u00e1s Henr\u00edquez, Responsable du plaidoyer pour l\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine et les Cara\u00efbes chez ADF International, qui a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 ces arguments lors de l\u2019audition publique qui a pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 aux plaidoyers oraux devant la Cour.<\/p>\n

    Autorit\u00e9 parentale et \u00e9ducation sexuelle<\/strong><\/p>

    \nDevant le Tribunal constitutionnel, des membres de la Chambre et du S\u00e9nat \u00e9taient repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s par M. Crist\u00f3bal Aguilera et M. Jorge Barrera. Pour plaider en faveur des droits des parents, ADF International a travaill\u00e9 en partenariat avec Comunidad y Justicia, une organisation locale. Les travaux se sont concentr\u00e9s sur les provisions qui visaient \u00e0 privil\u00e9gier  \u00ab l\u2019autonomie progressive \u00bb des enfants plut\u00f4t que l\u2019autorit\u00e9 parentale, ainsi que sur celles revendiquant une \u00e9ducation sexuelle \u00ab s\u00e9culaire et non-sexiste \u00bb, qui aurait rendu impossible tout enseignement \u00e0 partir de diff\u00e9rents points de vue religieux et moraux.<\/p>\n

    Contestation r\u00e9ussie, car toutes les dispositions en question ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9es inconstitutionnelles : par un vote de 6 contre 4, les juges ont invalid\u00e9 les \u00e9l\u00e9ments qui auraient port\u00e9 atteinte aux droits parentaux. A 7 contre 3, ils ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que l\u2019obligation de fournir une \u00e9ducation sexuelle approfondie \u00ab s\u00e9culaire et non-sexiste \u00bb est contraire \u00e0 la constitution parce qu\u2019elle est en conflit avec les droits des parents. Ce jugement confirme l\u2019article 26 de la D\u00e9claration universelle des droits de l\u2019homme (\u00ab Les parents ont, par priorit\u00e9, le droit de choisir le genre d’\u00e9ducation \u00e0 donner \u00e0 leurs enfants \u00bb), tout comme la protection sp\u00e9ciale du droit des parents d\u2019assurer que leurs enfants re\u00e7oivent un enseignement conforme \u00e0 leurs convictions morales, religieuses et philosophiques, garanti par les Pactes internationaux relatifs aux droits de l\u2019homme, la Convention am\u00e9ricaine relative aux droits de l\u2019homme, ainsi que le Protocole additionnel \u00e0 la Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l\u2019homme.<\/p>\n

    Dans leur d\u00e9cision, les juges mettent en \u00e9vidence comment les dispositions propos\u00e9es pourraient entra\u00eener la substitution du r\u00f4le tut\u00e9laire des parents par celui de l\u2019\u00c9tat. L\u2019octroi de droits \u00e0 des enfants mineurs risque de saper l\u2019autorit\u00e9 du p\u00e8re ou de la m\u00e8re : le devoir des parents d\u2019\u00e9duquer leurs enfants se retrouve affaibli par l\u2019\u00c9tat, qui s\u2019intercalerait, en toute l\u00e9galit\u00e9, entre les parents et leurs enfants. \u00ab Cela reviendrait \u00e0 accro\u00eetre le pouvoir non seulement des tribunaux (le pouvoir judiciaire de l\u2019\u00c9tat), mais aussi celui, toujours plus visible, de l\u2019appareil administratif de l\u2019\u00c9tat. \u00bb<\/p>\n

    Le jugement stipule \u00e9galement que : \u00ab L\u2019imposition d\u2019une \u00e9ducation sexuelle \u2018s\u00e9culaire et non-sexiste\u2019 revient \u00e0 exclure d\u2019autres dimensions de valeurs que des parents peuvent chercher \u00e0 promouvoir de fa\u00e7on formative, autant personnellement que par le choix des \u00e9tablissements scolaires pour leurs enfants. Contrairement \u00e0 ce qu\u2019on pourrait croire, la disposition en question n\u2019aboutit pas \u00e0 un enseignement pluraliste avec un contenu plus large ou plus divers de la part des \u00e9tablissements scolaires. \u00bb<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    La Cour constitutionnelle du Chili a rendu un jugement phare en Am\u00e9rique latine en se pronon\u00e7ant en faveur des droits parentaux.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":38503,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1031],"tags":[1032],"class_list":["post-6873","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","tag-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe Tribunal constitutionnel du Chili pr\u00e9serve les droits parentaux - ADF International<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Une d\u00e9cision forte en faveur des droits parentaux rendue par le Tribunal constitutionnel du Chili. 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