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Yahaya Sharif-Aminu’s Supreme Court Outcome Will Shape Religious Freedom in Africa
The young Sufi Muslim’s ‘blasphemous’ WhatsApp message sparks an international outcry
Legal Counsel for Global Religious Freedom with ADF International
What started as a WhatsApp message has turned into a precedent-setting religious freedom case.
Yahaya Sharif-Aminu, a young Sufi Muslim from northern Nigeria, has spent over five years in prison accused of “blasphemy” for sharing song lyrics deemed blasphemous to Islam. For this, he was sentenced to death under Sharia law in Kano State – even though Nigeria’s national constitution protects freedom of expression and religion.
Now, his case has reached Nigeria’s Supreme Court, where it could set a landmark precedent: will Nigeria’s highest court defend constitutional rights, or allow regional religious courts to override them?
This single case is starting to make headlines, along with the mass persecution of Nigeria’s Christians. The outcome will shape how religious freedom is protected not just in Nigeria, but across Africa and hopefully beyond.
ADF International, alongside dedicated allied Nigerian lawyers, is providing legal support to Yahaya and others like him who are being persecuted for their words.
Yahaya’s Ordeal Isn’t Unique
Yahaya’s five-year battle highlights a much larger problem: the spread of blasphemy laws in northern Nigeria and their often-deadly consequences.
Since the early 2000s, when several northern states adopted Sharia law, Islamic courts started exercising legal power alongside, and often above, the country’s civil judicial system. This expansion has allowed religious authorities to enforce moral and religious codes, creating an environment where even private comments on social media can lead to accusations of blasphemy, harsh punishments, and mob violence.
Rhoda Jatau was imprisoned for 19 months for supposed blasphemy after she allegedly shared a video condemning the murder of Christian student Deborah Emmanuel who was stoned and burned alive by a mob of Muslim students for so-called blasphemy. With our legal support, she was fully acquitted in December 2024.
Mubarak Bala, the president of the Humanist Association of Nigeria, was arrested in April 2020 following complaints about posts he made on Facebook, which were deemed offensive to Islam. In 2022, he was convicted of eighteen counts related to blasphemy under Sections 210 and 114 of the Kano State Penal Code and was sentenced to twenty-four years in prison.
His supposed “crime” was speaking openly against Islamic beliefs. His case was marred by numerous irregularities, including being detained without charges for nearly a year and a half, being denied access to legal counsel, family, and medical care, and experiencing significant delays in his trial. After serving four and a half years in prison, Mubarak was recently released.
Mob Violence
As Deborah’s case shows, if death doesn’t come by way of the law, it often comes by way of mob violence. Islamic radicalism and terrorist groups like Boko Haram and armed Fulani militias are often responsible for the mass slaughter of innocent Nigerians.
As of August 2025, 7,000 Christians have been killed in Nigeria during the first eight months of the year, averaging 32 deaths per day. And that’s just the reported cases; the real number is believed to be even higher, as many attacks go unreported.
This crisis extends far beyond killings. It involves abductions, the destruction of churches, the burning of villages, and the displacement of entire communities – families forced to abandon their homes and seek refuge elsewhere.
Nigeria as a Cautionary Tale
This crisis is not an age-old conflict. Christianity was introduced to parts of what is now Nigeria as early as the 15th century by European missionaries. For centuries, Christians and Muslims coexisted across different regions of the country, often living side by side in relative peace.
But in recent decades, the growth of radical Islamist movements and the formal adoption of Sharia law in the early 2000s have shifted the balance, giving Islamic authorities unprecedented legal and political power. Christians and religious minorities have become a target.
Groups such as Boko Haram and ISWAP (Islamic State West Africa Province) have since grown, exploiting regional instability and expanding their influence across Africa.
Islam is expanding rapidly across the Sahel, West Africa, and parts of East Africa, fuelled by demographic trends, migration, and transnational religious networks. At the same time, many countries in the region retain deep Christian roots, with significant evangelical outreach, creating a complex and often volatile intersection of faith, politics, and identity.
The increased Islamification of Sub-Saharan Africa has significant implications for governance, human rights, and freedom of belief. As Islamist ideologies gain influence, legal frameworks and social norms in some countries increasingly prioritize religious conformity over constitutional rights, leaving individuals like Yahaya and other religious minorities vulnerable to persecution.
What’s at Stake for Yahaya and Others like Him?
The fight for Yahaya’s freedom is a test of whether Nigeria – and given Nigeria’s influence, potentially much of Africa – will protect the fundamental right to believe, speak, and worship freely.
International organizations are thankfully taking notice. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Court has ruled that Nigeria’s blasphemy laws violate international human rights standards, urging the government to amend or repeal such laws.
The United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention has ruled in Yahaya’s favour. The European Parliament has twice nearly unanimously called for Yahaya’s immediate release and the end of Nigeria’s blasphemy laws.
Similarly, the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) has highlighted the increasing enforcement of blasphemy laws in Nigeria, posing significant risks to religious freedom, especially for minorities.
According to the Pew Research Center, the number of countries with blasphemy laws has increased over the past two decades, with many nations adopting or reinforcing such laws under the guise of protecting religious sentiments.
Public Statement on Yahaya Execution
In September, the Supreme Court of Nigeria held its first hearing in Yahaya’s case and thankfully, permitted his appeal to move forward.
Directly following the hearing, Lamido Abba Sorondinki, counsel for the Kano State government, spoke explicitly about the state’s intention to publicly execute Yahaya should the Supreme Court rule in Kano State’s favour: “This applicant made blasphemous statements against the Holy Prophet, which the government of Kano State will not condone. If the Supreme Court upholds the lower court’s decision, we will execute him publicly.”
This chilling statement shows the life and death stakes.
Yahaya’s case has the potential to challenge northern Nigeria’s blasphemy law regime. If we prevail in setting him free, Nigeria could strike down all the death penalty blasphemy laws across the northern half of the country.
This would put an end to the state’s implicit acceptance of the idea that disfavoured religious expression should lead to death and would confirm the Constitution’s protections for religious freedom and freedom of expression as superior to oppressive Sharia laws.
Religious minorities like Yahaya and Christians who are deeply persecuted and marginalized in the northern part of the country would see a significant shift toward the protection of their fundamental freedoms.
And since Nigeria is one of just seven countries in the world with a death penalty blasphemy law, having such a law struck down by the Supreme Court would set a stunning, historic, and positive precedent for change elsewhere.
Conclusion: Yahaya Deserves Justice and His Case is a Litmus Test for Global Religious Freedom
Blasphemy laws are a scourge in this world. They are used to persecute Christians and religious minorities in many countries and violate the most fundamental and God-given rights of all, the rights to religious freedom and freedom of expression. And when they include the death penalty as a punishment, they violate the precious right to life.
We pray for success in Yahaya Sharif-Aminu’s case, and that all people everywhere should be able to live out their faith publicly. No one should be punished, much less killed, for their religious expression. When we see the massive persecution of Christians in places like Nigeria, or the oppression of Sharia laws harming religious minorities like Yahaya, we must stand up and stand with them.
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