This report addresses the situation of religious minorities in Libya, including the impact of laws prohibiting “offenses against religion”, such as blasphemy, or restricting the peaceful propagation of one’s religion and other forms of expression deemed to create societal harm. It also highlights the de facto criminalization of apostasy, punishable by death, and the consequences of political instability and insecurity resulting from the targeted activities of violent militias and extremist groups against vulnerable religious and other minorities.

This report contends that Ethiopia must repeal its blasphemy laws in order to safeguard the full enjoyment of the human rights to freedom of religion and expression. It also addresses the urgent need to prevent and end all forms of religiously motivated persecution and violence. This includes preventing and responding to attacks directed against followers of Orthodox Christianity, Protestantism, Islam, and indigenous religions.